Portfolio Construction: How Past Market Events Changed Investor Behaviour Today

Alfred Lam, CFA, Senior Vice-President and Chief  Investment Officer
Marchello Holditch, CFA, CAIA, Vice-President and Portfolio Manager CI GAM | Multi-Asset Management

Those of us who have gone through different market regimes would notice investor behaviour today is very different than twenty years ago, or even a decade ago. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t similarities today to past market events.

Let’s look at three significant market events to see how…

1.  The tech bubble

What happened?

About twenty years ago we saw the tech bubble and its burst. Initially driven by greed, it eventually burst because of realities – the reality that some companies were overvalued as they had no earnings and no credible plan to do so, and the reality that tighter central bank monetary policy shut new cash flows within the bubble.

Some tech companies did survive and their businesses evolved (Microsoft Corp., Cisco Systems Inc. and Amazon.com Inc.) but many did not. A prime example is Pets.com, which raised US$82.5 million in a February 2000 initial public offering (IPO), only to file for bankruptcy nine months later.

The impact

In total, the Nasdaq Composite Index took 942 days to bottom from its peak – the drawdown was 78%! Over the next 4,546 days, the index recovered to its previous high as new companies were added and others strengthened their business. Over the long term, these events set up a period where investors sought downside protection and diversification.

2.  The global financial crisis

What happened?

Moving past the mid-2000s, stock markets became unattractive for short-term gains. Speculators, once again driven by greed, found themselves investing in housing and complicated financial instruments tied to mortgages in the U.S. Like all bubbles, it worked for a while, until it didn’t. Some too-big-to-fail financial giants went bankrupt and rocked the global financial system and stock markets.

The impact

It was here that the concept of the central bank bailout was first introduced. The U.S. Federal Reserve dropped interest rates to zero, an unprecedented move, and introduced “quantitative easing” – the printing of money. When this large amount of “new” money was introduced, it effectively rescued prices. The S&P 500 Index fell 53% but bottomed in less than a year.

The following decade saw an asset price boom. Those who owned assets have became a lot wealthier and those building assets faced challenges as asset prices grew faster than their income. The side effect was a widening wealth gap that continues to diverge.

3.  COVID-19

What happened?

In 2020, the world faced a new challenge – COVID-19. Investor confidence collapsed and gross domestic product (GDP) was expected to fall dramatically as people stayed home and many businesses were forced to close. To offset, governments and central banks globally reacted swiftly with trillion dollars of spending, quantitative easing and low interest rates.

The impact

Learning from past experiences, investors quickly foresaw that asset prices were set to rise, regardless of the pandemic. The S&P 500 index fell 34% in 33 days and took 148 days to hit the previous high. That’s only 181 days from peak-to-trough and trough- to-peak – and it was over before there was even a COVID-19 vaccine. Compare this to the 5488 days for the Nasdaq tech bubble recovery.

4.  Lessons from the past

Investor behaviour is driven by recent memory. Two decades ago, investors cared for downside protection – diligent investment selection and diversification – as no one would bail you out if you failed. Since the global financial crisis, investors have become accustomed to central banks providing downside protection so markets can carry on. And they’re not entirely wrong. Money supply as tracked by the balances at major central banks added US$10 trillion dollars in ten years after the global financial crisis. We are on track for another US$10 trillion dollars by end of 2021 to counter the financial impacts of COVID-19 – that’s five times higher than the 2008 level!

It’s hard to know if the concept of central bank intervention will be valid for the next decade. We do know quantitative easing and the new money added in the last decade and a half is here to stay. Thanks to central banks, the global financial crisis cycle was 71% shorter compared to the tech bubble. The pandemic was a further 88% “improvement” as investors learned from the global financial crisis.

5.  Lessons for the future

While investors may not have confidence in the economy or their day-to-day life right now, they have learned to be confident in central banks’ ability to prop prices up. But what they should care about is the purchasing power of their money as more is printed and being prepared for when the regime or behaviour changes again. Not all trough-to-peak recoveries are achieved in 148 days.

At the end of day, the ultimate goal of investing is to create financial security for the future. Investors need to strike the appropriate balance between protecting their savings against permanent losses while ensuring that they are taking enough risk to achieve the growth required to meet their financial objectives. We believe that active management and strategic asset allocation remain key components to a sound financial plan, even as markets rally. It’s our job to identify and manage all the variables that can influence returns to help keep your clients on track.

Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. and CI Global Asset Management as at April 30, 2021.

Combined top 15 equity holdings as of April 30, 2021 of a representative balanced* Private Client Investment Counsel with alpha- style equity exposure:

1.  Amazon.com Inc.

2.  Microsoft Corp.

3.  AltaGas Ltd.

4.  Visa Inc.

5.  Brookfield Asset Management Inc.

6.  E-L Financial Corporation Ltd.

7.  Lowe’s Companies Ltd.

8.  Canadian Tire Corporation Ltd.

9.  Toronto-Dominion Bank

10.  iA Financial Group

11.  Royal Bank of Canada

12.  CGI Inc.

13.  Kunlun Energy Co Ltd.

14.  Lloyds Banking Group Plc

15.  Apple Inc.

Combined top 15 equity holdings as of April 30, 2021 of a representative balanced* Private Client Investment Counsel with value- style equity exposure:

1.  Microsoft Corp.

2.  Alphabet Inc.

3.  Royal Bank of Canada

4.  Brookfield Asset Management Inc.

5.  Bank of Nova Scotia

6.  Visa Inc.

7.  Constellation Software Inc.

8.  Canadian Tire Corporation Ltd.

9.  Bank of Montreal

10.  Dollarama Inc.

11.  Booking Holdings Inc.

12.  Intact Financial Corp.

13.  Amazon.Com Inc.

14.  Taiwan Semiconductor Manufact Co Ltd.

15.  Sun Life Financial Inc.

Combined top 15 equity holdings as of April 30, 2021 of a representative balanced* Private Client Investment Counsel with growth- style equity exposure:

1.  Amazon.com Inc.

2.  Microsoft Corp.

3.  Brookfield Asset Management Inc.

4.  Apple Inc.

5.   Mastercard Incorporated

6.  Alphabet Inc. (Class A)

7.  Unitedhealth Group Inc.

8.  Adobe Inc.

9.  Alphabet Inc. (Class C)

10.  Element Fleet Management

11.  iA Financial Group

12.  Asml Holding Nv

13.  Nvidia Corp.

14.  Micron Technology Inc.

15.  Uber Technologies Inc.

*Approximately 33% fixed-income, 10% enhanced income, 49% equities, and 7% global real estate.

Source: MSCI Barra

To see the top 15 holdings of the individual pools or the equity alpha mandates, please contact us.

 

 

 

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